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<title>Process hazard analysis</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Process hazard analysis</span></span>

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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>A <b>process hazard analysis (PHA)</b> (or <b>process hazard evaluation</b>) is an exercise for the identification of hazards of a <a href="Process_manufacturing" title="Process manufacturing">process</a> facility and the qualitative or semi-quantitative assessment of the associated <a href="Risk" title="Risk">risk</a>. A PHA provides information intended to assist managers and employees in making decisions for improving safety and reducing the consequences of unwanted or unplanned releases of <a href="Hazardous_chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazardous chemical">hazardous materials</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A PHA is directed toward analyzing potential causes and consequences of fires, explosions, releases of toxic or flammable chemicals and major spills of hazardous chemicals, and it focuses on equipment, instrumentation, utilities, human actions, and external factors that might impact the process. It is one of the elements of <a href="Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">OSHA</a>'s program for <a href="Process_Safety_Management_(OSHA_regulation)" title="Process Safety Management (OSHA regulation)">Process Safety Management</a>.

</p><p>There are several methodologies that can be used to conduct a PHA, including <a href="Checklist" title="Checklist">checklists</a>, hazard identification (HAZID) reviews, what-if reviews and <a href="Structured_What_If_Technique" class="mw-redirect" title="Structured What If Technique">SWIFT</a>, <a href="Hazard_and_operability_study" title="Hazard and operability study">hazard and operability studies</a> (HAZOP), <a href="Failure_mode_and_effects_analysis" title="Failure mode and effects analysis">failure mode and effect analysis</a> (FMEA), etc. PHA methods are qualitative or, at best, semi-quantitative in nature. A simple element of risk quantification is often introduced in the form of a <a href="Risk_matrix" title="Risk matrix">risk matrix</a>, as in <a href="Hazard_analysis" title="Hazard analysis">preliminary hazard analysis</a> (PreHA). The selection of the methodology to be used depends on a number of factors, including the complexity of the process, the length of time a process has been in operation and if a PHA has been conducted on the process before, and if the process is unique, or industrially common. Quantitative methods for risk assessment, such as <a href="Layers_of_protection_analysis" title="Layers of protection analysis">layer-of-protection analysis (LOPA)</a> or <a href="Fault_tree_analysis" title="Fault tree analysis">fault tree analysis</a> (FTA) may be used after a PHA, if the PHA team could not reach a risk decision for a given scenario.

</p><p>In the United States, the use of PHAs is mandated as one of the elements of the <a href="Occupational_Safety_and_Health_Administration" title="Occupational Safety and Health Administration">Occupational Safety and Health Administration</a> (OSHA)' <a href="Process_safety_management" title="Process safety management">process safety management</a> regulation for the identification of risks involved in the <a href="Process_design" title="Process design">design</a>, operation, and modification of processes that handle highly hazardous chemicals.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="Cyber_PHA" title="Cyber PHA">Cyber PHA</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-29/subtitle-B/chapter-XVII/part-1910/subpart-H/section-1910.119">"Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Subtitle B, Chapter XVII, Part 1910, Subpart H § 1910.119"</a>. <i>eCFR</i>. 2023-06-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-20</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Primatech (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.primatech.com/images/docs/comparison-of-pha-methods.pdf"><i>Comparison of PHA Methods</i></a>. <i>Primatech</i>. Retrieved 2023-06-24.</li></ul>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-03-27" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Process_hazard_analysis&oldid=1215800171">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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